Martin Luther King Jr Appeal to American Patriotism - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 571 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2019/02/20 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Patriotism Essay Did you like this example? The civil rights movement was a struggle for African Americans to have equal rights in the 50s and 60s. Many important events happened during this movement, and many important figures arose as well. One of these figures was Martin Luther King Jr., a civil rights activist that was known for his great leadership. He was a powerful influencer and supporter of nonviolent actions to reach his goal. There were many different ways King appealed to American patriotism, and some of these are shown in his â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech and his â€Å"Letter from the Birmingham Jail†. King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech was very memorable for bringing great attention to the Civil Rights Movement with its theme of patriotism. One example of this patriotism is in the line, â€Å"the architects of our Republic wrote the magnificent words of the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence.† King references these documents to not only show his own patriotism, but also remind everyone of what the country they’re supporting stands for. All men are created equal, and yet colored people are being treated differently just because of the color of their skin. By bringing this to attention, King is urging people to stand for their country by speaking out against the injustice going on. King also appeals to American’s patriotism by bringing up the Emancipation Proclamation, which gave freedom to slaves. King is reminding everyone of the freedom they should have, and how they shouldn’t be satisfied until they get that freedom. He al so gives many examples of the lack of freedom they have, such as: â€Å"We can never be satisfied as long as the Negro is the victim of the unspeakable horrors of police brutality.† Both of these examples from his speech, and many more, show how King appealed to American patriotism. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Martin Luther King Jr: Appeal to American Patriotism" essay for you Create order Another way King appealed to American patriotism was through his â€Å"Letter from the Birmingham Jail†, where he talked about the injustice Native Americans were still facing. One example of his patriotism is through his idea of unity. He brings this up when he says, â€Å"Injustice anywhere is a threat to injustice everywhere.† The U.S. is big on the idea of equality, so it makes sense to assume that if there are problems happening in one place, it can happen anywhere else too. As long as there is still racial discrimination happening somewhere, the problem isn’t solved. King also brings up patriotism by saying, â€Å"We will reach the goal of freedom in Birmingham and all over the nation, because the goal of America is freedom.† This gives people hope that it will one day get better and further ingrains the idea of unity and equality to every American living in the US. Overall, Martin Luther King Jr. will never be forgotten for the powerful messages he spread across the U.S. He explained what it means to be an American, and that the rights clearly stated in American documents shouldn’t ever be taken away from anyone. He gave hope that social justice wasn’t just a dream, and urged people to stand up for their country using non-violent protests. Through all of this patriotism, the civil rights movement was an overall success. It won more legal rights for African Americans and led to a much less racist society, with a big thanks to King’s ideas that he spread to all of the nation.

Analysis Of The Girl On The Train - 1905 Words

Analysis â€Å"The Girl on the Train† presents the idea that women are faced with numerous challenges and events that can lead them to do certain things that may affect their lives in very positive or negative ways. Either way, this book and others try to provide excitement while also addressing the real issues that women are facing in today’s world, through the use of a few unpredictable narrators. These issues include infertility, alcoholism, infidelity, and additional thoughts that contribute to the idea that a new subgenre has been created. In using generic description, the first element or situation requirement of the subgenre created includes the idea that there is a main character, Rachel, who is dealing with something from their past,†¦show more content†¦Between the first two elements involved in generic criticism, it is easy to determine that â€Å"The Girl on the Train,† and other books alike, have played a role in creating a new subgenre. The last element helps many understand why the new subgenre would remain a subgenre rather than becoming its’ own separate genre. This is because it eventually comes full circle to include a similar ending to those movies, books, etc. that are artifacts included in the Thriller genre. Infertility One way in which â€Å"The Girl on the Train† presents the idea that there is a new subgenre of psycho-thriller is through the author’s way in which she addresses infertility and motherhood from the minds of her narrators. Rachel (78) explains the early stages of infertility by stating what took place between her and her ex-husband, Tom. She says that â€Å"The thing about being barren is that you’re not allowed to get away from it. Not when you’re in your thirties. My friends were having children, friends of friends were having children, pregnancy and birth and first birthday parties were everywhere. I was asked about it all the time. My mother, our friends, colleagues at work. When was it going to be my turn? my best friend since university, had two children in two years: a boy first and then a girl. I didn’t like them. I didn’t want to hear anything about them. I didn’t want to be nearShow MoreRelatedSummary Of Hills Like White E lephants 830 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 102 Prof. Downing Short Story Analysis You are entitled to your opinion but you are not entitled to dictate others. In Hemingway s short story Hills Like White Elephants you see the journey of a couple facing a huge decision; most likely the biggest decision they have faced in their relationship thus far. The couple is faced with the decision on whether or not to have an abortion. The man clearly does not want the girl to keep the baby whereas the girl is unsure at times but for the mostRead More`` Hills Like White Elephants `` By Ernest Hemingway Essay1339 Words   |  6 Pagesthe utmost difficult issues a girl may need to face in her life. In Hemingway’s â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants,† there are two Americans traveling in Spain. The setting of the scene is a bar located near the train station where the man and the girl discuss this life altering operation, as they await the arrival of the train to Madrid. Throughout the story the man is persuasive, as he attempts to convince the girl to have the operat ion, while at the same time, the girl expresses her reluctance and remainsRead MoreAn Unknown Girl Analysis1379 Words   |  6 Pages↠ A Passage To Africa. (Narrative Article, Literary  Analysis.) Poetry Analysis: An Unknown Girl- Moniza  Alvi. 28May In the evening bazaar Studded with neon An unknown girl Is hennaing my hand She squeezes a wet brown line Form a nozzle She is icing my hand, Which she steadies with her On her satin peach knee. In the evening bazaar For a few rupees An unknown girl is hennaing my hand As a little air catches My shadow stitched kameez A peacock spreads its lines Across my palm. Read MoreMoving to the Girl’s Side of â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†1697 Words   |  7 Pagesending of the story. Although the majority of critics conclude that the girl will have an abortion to keep her lover but the existing relationship between the American and the girl deteriorated, Renner gives a new twist to the majority conclusion. Renner assets that â€Å"published commentary has not looked closely enough at the development of the female character through the story.† (27). In Renner’s conclusion, â€Å"the pregnant girl as she struggles with the American’s wishes and her own feelings pointsRead More Symbolism in Hills Like White Elephants, by Ernest Hemingway1687 Words   |  7 Pagesstory. Through this use of symbolism, the reader can begin to reveal the hidden themes in this short story. Hemingway provides the reader with insight into this story, before it is even read, through the title. The girl in the story mentions the hills that can be seen from the train station and describes them as looking like white elephants. Jig is at a crossroads in her life, accompanied by her partner. She is pregnant and cannot decide whether to choose life for the baby, or to get an abortionRead MoreErnest Hemingway s `` Indian Camp `` And Hills Like White Elephants ``928 Words   |  4 Pageswomen. However, Bauer, a professor of English and women’s studies, believes that the characterization of Hemingway as an abuser and having a blatant disregard of women is almost entirely created by the scholars and readers of his stories. With an analysis of Hemingway’s â€Å"Indian Camp† and â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants†, Bauer attempts to bring her own feminist perspective to Hemingway’s notoriously misogynistic texts to prove that there are more to his fe male characters than there is on the surface andRead MoreAnalysis of The Cinematic Techniques That Are Used To Capture The Audiences Interest In The Opening Sequence Of The Film Of Mice And Men1357 Words   |  6 PagesAnalysis of The Cinematic Techniques That Are Used To Capture The Audiences Interest In The Opening Sequence Of The Film Of Mice And Men In the first moments of a film, the director will attempt to capture the audiences imagination. He does this so that the audience maintains its interest. The Director will use a number of cinematic techniques to create a sense of urgency, suspense and dramatic tension. These techniques are often shown by fusing picture and sound. An exampleRead MoreHills Like White Elephants, a Theme Analysis Essay1243 Words   |  5 Pagesuseless possession. The term is also defined in Websters as an item that is worthless to some but priceless to others. According to Victor Lindsey, the child in the story is a white elephant in the view of the man, who is trying to convince the girl to get rid of it. Hemingway hints about how the man and the woman each feel about the unborn child, but he never tells us why they have such different views on the prospect of an abortion. The man in the story, referred to as the American, claimsRead More Analysis of Hills Like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway Essay1044 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of Hills Like White Elephants by Ernest Hemingway Hills Like White Elephants, is a short story,. It is a story about a man and a woman waiting at a train station talking about an issue that they never name. I believe this issue is abortion. In this paper I will prove that the girl in the story, whos name is Jig, finally decides to go ahead and have the baby even though the man, who does not have a name, wants her to have an abortion. It is the end of the story that makes me thinkRead MoreGirl Interrupted Film Analysis858 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: AN ANALYSIS OF GIRL, INTERRUPTED. 1 An Analysis of Girl, Interrupted Irvelt Nicolas And Alyssa Reilly College of Staten Island

Polythene Plastic Shopping Bags Free Essays

Polythene pollution is everywhere, and the problem is getting worse. For most of us, the problem is seen as one of visual pollution, where plastic bags litter streets, roadways, and in some cases scenic areas across the country. No one will argue that polythene is useful. We will write a custom essay sample on Polythene: Plastic Shopping Bags or any similar topic only for you Order Now The plastic bags we use to carry home food or products are for the most part very light and very strong. Using these bags is not really the problem. The problem, leading to polythene pollution, is the improper methods of disposing of the bags. They’ve been marketed as throw-away items, and that is all too often what we do, except they don’t always end up in the garbage. Save A Tree – Polythene wasn’t introduced as a bad thing. It wasn’t all that many years ago that we started using plastic bags to â€Å"save a tree†. By using paper bags for groceries, it seemed like we were cutting down trees, using the wood or pulp products on a one time basis, and then throwing the product away. The message was, we were on the verge of making a renewable resource, trees, a non-renewable one. everal design options and features are available. Some bags have gussets to allow a higher volume of contents. Some have the ability to stand up on a shelf or a refrigerator. Some have easy-opening or reclosable options. Handles are cut into or added onto some. Plastic bags usually use less material than comparable boxes, cartons, or jars, thus are often considered as â€Å"reduced or minimized packaging†. Depending on the construction, plastic bags can be well suited for plastic recycling. They can be incinerated in appropriate facilities for waste-to-energy conversion. They are stable and benign in sanitary landfills. If disposed of improperly, however, plastic bags can create unsightly litter and harm some types of wildlife. [3][4] Bags are also made with carrying handles, hanging holes, tape attachments, security features, etc. Some bags have provisions for easy and controlled opening. Reclosable features, including press-to-seal zipper strips such as Ziploc, are common for kitchen bags. Some bags are sealed and can only be opened by destroying the packaging, providing some tamper-evident capability. Bags can be made with a variety of plastics films. Polyethylene (LDPE, LLDPE etc. ) is the most common. Other forms, including laminates and coextrusions can be used when the physical properties are needed. Boil-in-bags are often used for sealed frozen foods, sometimes complete entres. The bags are usually tough heat-sealed nylon or polyester to withstand the temperatures of boiling water. Some bags are porous or perforated to allow the hot water to contact the food: rice, noodles, etc. Bag-In-Box packaging is often used for liquids such as wine and institutional sizes of other liquids. Often times, children may attempt to use bags as a sort of makeshift kite. By tying string to the handles, they are able to successfully glide them, provided there is a gentle breeze, until they lose their grip or grow weary of holding them and simply let go, unaware of the fact that they are endangering animals’ lives. Plastic shopping bags[edit] Main article: Plastic shopping bag Open bags with carrying handles are used in large numbers nationwide. Stores often provide them as a convenience to shoppers. Some stores charge a nominal fee for a bag. Heavy-duty reusable shopping bags are often considered environmentally better than single-use paper or plastic shopping bags. Waste disposal bags[edit] Main article: Bin bag Flexible intermediate bulk container[edit] Main article: Flexible intermediate bulk container Flexible Intermediate Bulk Containers (Big bags, bulk bags, etc.) are large industrial containers, usually used for powders or flowables. Use of plastic bags internationally[edit] The number of plastic bags used worldwide has been estimated to be on the order of 1 trillion annually. The use of plastic bags differs dramatically across countries. While the average consumer in China uses only 2 or 3 plastic bags a year, the numbers are much higher in most other countries: Denmark: 4, Ireland: 18, Germany: 65, USA: 300, Poland, Hungary, Slovakia: more than 400. In order to reduce plastic bag consumption, the European Union has suggested to pass new regulations. Danger to children[edit] Thin plastic bags, especially dry cleaning bags, have the potential for causing suffocation. About 25 children in the United States suffocate each year due to plastic bags, 99. 2% are under the age of one. This has led to voluntary warning labels on some bags which may pose a hazard to small children. Danger to marine wildlife[edit] Plastic bags, which escape the garbage collection process, often end up in streams, which then lead them to end up in the open ocean. Because they float, and resemble a jellyfish, plastic bags pose significant dangers to marine mammals, such as Leatherback sea turtles, when they enter their digestive tract. Because plastic bags cause damage to ocean marine life, litter city streets, and contribute to carbon emissions in their manufacture and shipping, some towns in the United States, including San Francisco, CA, Portland, OR, Seattle, WA and Austin, TX have begun to ban or restrict the use of plastic bags, usually starting with plastic shopping bags. How to cite Polythene: Plastic Shopping Bags, Papers

Charles Dickens aimed to convey messages about social problems in his writing and was a social reformer Essay Example For Students

Charles Dickens aimed to convey messages about social problems in his writing and was a social reformer Essay Charles Dickens aimed to convey messages about social problems in his writing and was a social reformer. Hard Times, first published in 1854, is a prime example of his ideas that with the introduction of industrialisation, humans qualities would be driven out and be reached with an utilitarian philosophy à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" where there was no place for fancy. Dickens criticises this. He believed that each human was different. He believed that people required a balance between fact and fancy to have a healthy effect on society. Dickens uses contrasting pairs to show what he approves and disapproves of. One of the contrasting pairs used by Dickens to criticise utilitarianism is Cecilia Sissy Jupe and Bitzer. Their appearance is completely different. In the classroom, Sissy is described to be a dark eyed and dark haired girl when the sunlight hits her, but when the same ray of light hits Bitzer, he is light hair and light eyed. It is as if the utilitarian approach to education has sucked Bitzers life, making him seem unhealthy. They also contrast in their answers in the classroom. When asked to define a horse, Sissy is thrown into the greatest alarm by this demand. It is obvious that she is not used to such as matter-of-fact way of education. However, when Bitzer is asked the same question, he says almost mechanically, Quadruped. Graminivorous. Forty teeth, namely twenty-four grinden, four eye-teeth, and twelve incisive. Sheds coat in the spring; in marshy countries, sheds hoofs, tooà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Dickens disapproves of the utilitarian education approach, as Bitzer seems to have no imagination, no life, and no childhood. He seems to a robot, just giving definitions when asked. Unlike Sissy, Bitzer only knows the utilitarian lifestyle, and therefore does not have a clue about the fanciful side of life. It would also have to be said that Sissy is having difficulty adjusting to the utilitarian lifestyle, as she answers questions from the heart. What is the first principle of this scienceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the answer, To do unto others as I would that they should do unto me.' But I believe that if Bitzer was taken off to the circus, then he would also not be able to cope with the laughter, excitement and with the people at the circus. Dickens approves of Sissys values, whereas he does not like the way Bitzer has been raised as a mini-adult in a practical way, taking away his human qualities and replacing them with mechanics. Another pair that Dickens uses to disapprove of the utilitarian life is through the acts and results of the parents, the eminently practical Mr. Thomas Gradgrind, and the circus clown Mr. Signor Jupe. Mt. Gradgrind believes that children, including his pupils and children, are little vessels ready to be filled with imperial gallons of facts. On the other hand, according to Sissy, Mr. Jupe was a loving and understanding father that appreciated the importance of the fact and  fancy balance. Mr. Gradgrind only wants his children to know about the factual side of life whereas Mr. Jupe wanted his daughter to have a balanced life. This is evident as Jupe put Sissy in a school. It seems as though Gradgrind does not care about his childrens lives. For example, he marries off Louisa without consulting her feeling, because according to Gradgrind feelings are not eminently practical. This is completely different to the fathering of Jupe. Jupe, ran away from her daughter for her benefit, as he did not want to live with a clown who could not producing laughter; a failure. .u3c6fa7315197013ad2b099a3e36e1f29 , .u3c6fa7315197013ad2b099a3e36e1f29 .postImageUrl , .u3c6fa7315197013ad2b099a3e36e1f29 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3c6fa7315197013ad2b099a3e36e1f29 , .u3c6fa7315197013ad2b099a3e36e1f29:hover , .u3c6fa7315197013ad2b099a3e36e1f29:visited , .u3c6fa7315197013ad2b099a3e36e1f29:active { border:0!important; } .u3c6fa7315197013ad2b099a3e36e1f29 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3c6fa7315197013ad2b099a3e36e1f29 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3c6fa7315197013ad2b099a3e36e1f29:active , .u3c6fa7315197013ad2b099a3e36e1f29:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3c6fa7315197013ad2b099a3e36e1f29 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3c6fa7315197013ad2b099a3e36e1f29 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3c6fa7315197013ad2b099a3e36e1f29 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3c6fa7315197013ad2b099a3e36e1f29 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3c6fa7315197013ad2b099a3e36e1f29:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3c6fa7315197013ad2b099a3e36e1f29 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3c6fa7315197013ad2b099a3e36e1f29 .u3c6fa7315197013ad2b099a3e36e1f29-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3c6fa7315197013ad2b099a3e36e1f29:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Outsiders by S E Hinton EssayThe effects of fathering can be seen in the attitudes of their offspring. Tom Gradgrind, can wait to leave home in Book One, calling it a Jaundice Jail à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" unhealthy and diseased. Louisa does not care about her life anymore, and compares it to a fire. On the other hand, Sissy is caring and pleasant. Dickens is appalled at Coketown, and describes it in disgust. He condemns the architecture of the town. It was a town of machinery and tall chimneysà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The jail might have been the infirmary, the infirmary might have been the jail, the town-hall might have been either, or both, or anything else, for anything that appeared to the contrary in the graces of their construction. The town is monotonous; featureless. It is severally workful. Dickens also disapproves of the town river, saying that it ran purple with ill-smelling dye. He is not only attacking that unnaturalness of the town, but saying it is not environmentally friendly. Coketown is described as a boring town, with roads that are all the same, the people all the same and the building made all of red brick. On the other hand, Dickens describes the circus favourably. It is totally fanciful, and not one bit eminently practical. It holds lots of different characters, all of which are friendly and emotional, including Mr. Sleary, whos philosophy is to make the betht of uth: not the wurtht! All the people in the circus use colloquial words, saying that Dickens is indicating that not all people need to proper and matter-of-fact. Dickens approves of the life of fancy more than the life of fact as he describes things such as the circus in a favourable light, unlike people such as Mr. Gradgrind, Bounderby and MChoakumchild. Dickens tries to make the reader think that the best way of bringing up children is to give them a balance of fact and fancy in their life. This is being threatened because of the industrial revolution. His method of criticism is effective at times, such as when Sissy moves in with the Gradgrinds, she is lost of colour and seems unhealthy.

Swot Analysis Giant Step Records free essay sample

As Giant Step has expanded its employee base, this allows for group decision making which can lead to increased creativity and networking. †¢Through the use of a company website, Giant Step can expand its market significantly and generate an increase in revenue by selling downloads and merchandise. In addition, fans can interact with artists and stay on top of tours/concerts and album release dates. †¢As an independent record label, Giant Step is not pressured by a board of directors to sign a specific sound. This allows for Giant Step to sign and promote artists they are truly interested in because they love their music and believe in them. †¢As a smaller, independent label, Giant Step has to opportunity to form stronger, more personal relationships with their artists. Threats †¢Online music piracy. As thousands of people obtain music illegally and for free, CD sales plummet and artists/record labels miss out on music profits. We will write a custom essay sample on Swot Analysis Giant Step Records or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Legal MP3 companies, such as ITunes, allow for customers to purchase individual songs, instead of entire albums, which causes a decrease in record sales. Competition from major record labels can push the smaller independent labels out of the market. †¢Due to that fact that Giant Step Records is a smaller, more informal music label, there is a possibility for disorganization and mistakes. If accounting or finances are overlooked, this could lead to incorrect payment for artists. †¢Although it is smaller in size and can form more personal relationships with artists than larger labels, Giant Step runs the risk of having less influence and power within the music industry. Giant Step may not be able to cater to all of the tour and promotion needs of their artists.

Industrial Revolution, essays

Industrial Revolution, essays Before there were factories bustling with hard working men, women, and children there were farms scattered about among the countryside. This was so until the population began to soar upwards and nearly doubled in a few years. Then everybody started rushing into cities to join the rest of the farming community in the great factories of Britain. Even though housing conditions are horrible these days and workers have awful working conditions the Industrial Revolution is a huge leap ahead for Britain. The Industrial Revolution is wonderful because it gives everybody a job no matter what age or gender. Children are able to work so this gave them a chance to help out their families with paying the bills and making sure everybody has enough food to eat. With more and more trains and boats being built everyday the demand for coal shot up and this made many jobs for women, children, and men to do. As long as the coal mines held out everybody will have a job. The Industrial Revolution is a great opportunity for everybody who is properly educated to make great fortune in Britains new booming industries. With all the good chances that the Industrial Revolution is bringing us, bad conditions are also coming with it. Urbanization was becoming a huge problem with city dwellers. There isnt any proper waste disposal in the city for all of the shoddy housing developments that are being built for the factory workers. The sewage problem has grown out of hand because there is no sewer system to deal with all the waste that people are creating in the city. Diseases such as cholera, typhoid, and measles are quickly spreading and killing many. Children are working so hard in the factories that they cannot attend school to receive a proper education. Life expectancy in the city has gown down dramatically and many children are weak from working such long hours in the factories. Only the rich can afford to educate their children ...

Plan to Pursue at the University of California Personal Statement

Plan to Pursue at the University of California - Personal Statement Example Also, since my aunt is a businesswoman, working as an executive director in Li and Fung Trading Ltd, one of the largest trading logistics company in the world, I gained enough orientation and perspectives on economics in terms of both micro and macroeconomic exposures of the firm’s trading relationships with other institutions and its effect on the macro level. As a marketing trainee, I realized the importance of understanding the theoretical framework and concepts on economics as various economic models assist in understanding real word business implications of trading and could assist in predicting organizational behavior, in general. I am aware that by pursuing a degree in economics, I would be accorded the opportunity to be illuminated on economic problems and factors affecting organizations including policy design and analysis of alternatives to make the appropriate decisions which would maximize profits and growth potentials. The involvement with Li and Fung Trading Ltd provided the impetus for a more determined stance to pursue a degree in Economics. I was made more aware that most organizational problems can be analyzed and evaluated through an economic analysis approach and the kind of solutions that economic principles suggest are enormous and diverse. I would like to be instrumental in assisting my current and future organizations in determining effective solutions to problems through a better understanding of the local economy, national and world’s most pressing problems and the determination of appropriate approach to solve these problems through economic perspectives. Through working with Li and Fung Trading Ltd, I developed the necessary discipline and skills to pursue higher education. Through interrelationships with colleagues and groups, I developed group and interpersonal skills, as well as communication skills needed in academic disciplines.  

Scholarly database search Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Scholarly database search - Essay Example Furthermore, JSTOR (short for â€Å"journal storage†) in a non- profit service especially dedicated to offer a trusted digital archive with scholarly content to researchers, students, and professionals. The inclusion of articles in its database collections are developed through the participation of many publishers and other organizations. There is also a free access to most of the articles, which makes it advantageous to student users. The incidence rate of device- associated infection (VAP and CAUTI) is recorded lower in nine Colombian hospitals than other hospital ICUs in Latin American countries, based on the records of the National Nosocomial Surveillance System (NNIS). However, this rate is still comparably higher than that in the US ICUs. Thus, this finding necessitates policy improvements on infection control in Colombia (Moreno et al., 2006). In one recent active DAI surveillance study in two ICUs in Cuba (Rosenthal et al., 2010), rates of VAP, CLAB, and CAUTI, were carefully analyzed against CDC- National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) and International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium (INICC) rates. Related information on microorganism profile, bacterial resistance, extended length of stay, and extra mortality were also considered. Results showed that VAP, CLAB, and CAUTI rates are lower than INICC rates. Compared to NHSN rates, VAP rate scored higher, while CLAB rates lower, and CAUTI rates similar. Lastly, there was a significant direct correlation between VAP increase and the LOS and mortality rate. Moreno,  C. à ., Rosenthal, V.  D.,   Olarte,  N.,   Gomez,  W. V.  , Sussmann,  O., Agudelo, J.  G., †¦ Henrà ­quez,  D. (2006). Device†associated infection rate and mortality in Intensive Care Units of 9 Colombian hospitals: Findings of the International Nosocomial Infection Control Consortium. Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 27 (4), 349-356. doi:

Strategic Analysis for Cathay Pacific Airways Dissertation

Strategic Analysis for Cathay Pacific Airways - Dissertation Example Cathay Pacific, during the global financial crisis in late 2008 and 2009, has incurred a record high of $ 7 billion loss (Cathay Pacific 2010). This is the first time that the company has ever experienced such a huge loss. However, by 2010, the company has reached an all time high of $14 billion profit (Cathay Pacific 2010). Although this turnaround is attributed to the continued growth and strong performance of the China’s economy, what Cathay Pacific shows is astonishing since the airline business, fundamentally, involves heavy investments, but relatively slow return on investments. Yet, Cathay Pacific has gained monumental profit during difficult economic times. In this sense, by looking into Cathay Pacific’s approach and strategy as the company surmounts the hurdle of the global financial crisis with excellent profit, one can learn from their experience as it provides a paradigm that can be used by most companies who are still reeling from the impact of the recent g lobal financial crisis. In this regard, Cathay Pacific strategic management offers alternative frames that can be useful for companies as they address the challenges and impact of the first global economic crisis of the 21st century. 1.1. Background of the Study The airline industry is one of the most dynamic and robust business sectors in the world (Meersman, Van de Voorde & Vanelslander 2008). Its business cycle is consists of ups and downs that continues to modify and restructure the demands and framework of the airline industry market (Uncles & Goh 2002). In this regard, it is significant to understand the important factors contributing to the robust nature of the airline industry. In addition, by looking into the elements modifying the structure of the industry, the approaches develop by the companies not only becomes contextualise, but it also affords the chance to apprehend what is the basic condition of the airline industry. One of the most important factors affecting not only the airline industry but all businesses and countries around the world is globalisation. Globalisation is the removal of trade barriers existing among nations. With this economic policy adopted by most countries around the world th e movement of goods, capital, services, products, culture and people has become freer flowing, thus allowing for exchanges to happen (Coatsworth 2004; Fougner 2006; Munck 2008). In effect, eco0nomic policies of governments have shifted from

Theories of Friction

Theories of Friction Keith Tan Friction According to the Encyclopaedia of Britannica, a friction is a force created by rubbing and can slow things down and then ultimately stop them. It is a kind of force  that resists the sliding or rolling of one  solid  object over another. (Encyclopaedia of Britannica, 2014) Frictional forces, such as the traction needed to walk without slipping, may be beneficial; but they also present a great measure of opposition to  motion. We could not walk without the friction between your shoes and the ground. As we try to step forward, we push our foot backward. Friction holds your shoe to the ground, allowing you to walk. Consider how difficult it is to walk on slippery ice, where there is little friction. It is also friction in the tires that allows the car to stay on the road, and friction in the clutch that makes it possible to drive at all. From matches to machines to molecular structures, friction is one of the most significant phenomena in the physical world Writing using pencils uses friction. In fact, you won’t be able to even hold a pencil without friction. The pen will only slip out of your hand when you tried to hold it. The graphite pencil led will not be able to make any single mark without friction. Even a pencil eraser uses friction to rub off careless mistakes written down with pencil lead. The particles worn off gather up the pencil lead from the paper, when you are rubbing the eraser on the lead that wears out the eraser due to friction. Today, Friction is is a phenomena that happens in our everyday lives. From the Health point of view, Let’s take walking for example, as we all know our shoes are designed to protect our feet from sharp objects as well as keep our feet warmed up. However, it is more sophisticated than we think if we look into the science behind it. According to Jasmine C. Menant from Journal of Rehabilitation Research and Development (JRDD), footwear influences balance of people and the subsequent risk of slips, by altering somatosensory feed back to the foot and ankle and modifying frictional conditions at the floor interface. Walking barefoot,, in socks or in high-heel shoes have been proven to increase the problems of falls in older people. Many frictional aspects that are not mutually exclusive have to be taken into consideration. There are also few other footwear characteristics such as heel collar height, sole hardness, as well as read and hell geometry, these few characteristics also aff ect the measure of balance and gait. Because many elderly uses suboptimal shoe, this can maximize safe shoe usage and an effective fall prevention strategy. (jasmine, 2008) Based on their researches, they sorted out that, inside and outside the house, older people should wear shoes with low heels and firm slip-resistant soles. Future shoe making industry should make sure that their shoe have the benefits of tread sole shoes for preventing slips and shoes with high collar or flared sole for a better grid in harsh weathers. I would say friction does not â€Å"solve† the problem of old people falling but rather it only am â€Å"reduce† it. Although that is the case, it still brings benefit in putting application science of friction to even our footwear. (NO CAMELS NEWS, 2014) From social point of view, Friction does plays a role in every one of any education level. Pencil for instance is used by all students, kids and even adults of different profession. Pencils were among the basic equipment issued to Union soldiers during the Civil War. Pencil marks are made when tiny graphite flecks, often just thousandths of an inch wide, stick to the fibers that make up paper. But when we write something wrong by mistake, this is where rubber comes in. The friction created between the surface of the rubber and the surface of the lead scribbled on paper is used to remove the errors that were written earlier. (Christopher, 2007) Other bad side from friction like heat were also apprehended by modern day scientist as It is also because the paper is removing the graphite from the pencil through friction, the heat is not transferred to the tip because the material that would have been heated by the friction between the paper and the tip has been left on the piece of paper. So, to heat the pencil tip up, so we would have to write with the pencil quicker than it is possible or for very extended amounts of time and even then because of the part that may have been heated by friction, it is then removed. This leads that the tip of a pencil does not even get hot during writing. This has affected us socially in the pencil making industry. (PHYSICS, 2013) Today , most pencils sold in America today have eraser tips, while those sold in Europe usually have none. On the other hand, Friction also has its own disadvantages in our everyday processes. For instance, friction is also a usage for the wear and tear on some bike gears and other mechanical parts. Thats why extra money are needed on buying lubricant which are often used to reduce the friction that causes wear and tear in between moving parts.In addition to cars and wheels/tires, there is also internal friction. Internal friction is what allows you to build up an oil wedge in rotating machinery that relies on a wedge of oil to separate the metal shaft and whatever the bearing surface happens to be, or the ball bearings from the inner and outer race. With the help of friction, you won’t need brake to stop any spinning devices. So, in a nutshell, friction is sometimes a bad thing when it results in the loss of mechanical efficiency by converting some of the power applied to useless heat. However, it is also a necessary feature when it is the primary reason a piece of equipment opera tes and even then, a portion of that energy will be lost as heat. There is therefore no perfect machines or perpetual motion machines, we always lose some amount of energy to friction Hence we have to pay more for the cars we buy because of these operating cost of production in coming up with these features to reduce friction. (Ayush, 2014) In conclusion, in my opinion I think that because friction itself is already a resistance force that slows down or prevents motion, it is needed in most applications to prevent in some cases, there is an advantage of having friction. However, too much friction can be very annoying, because it can also be an obstacle to motion and sometimes cause the need for using extra energy. A good balance is necessary to get just enough friction. Slipping or sliding. Frictional force is neither advantageous nor disadvantageous intrinsically. The advantage or disadvantage comes not from the force, but from whether it helps or hinders the desired outcome. (1181 words) Bibliography 1) Ayush, S. (2014). Why greater friction causes increased wear and tear? Retrieved 27 November, 2014, from http://www.answers.com/Q/Why_greater_friction_causes_increased_wear_and_tear 2) Christopher, D. (7 May, 2007). Home »May »20 Things You Didnt Know About Pencils. Retrieved 19 November, 2014, from http://discovermagazine.com/2007/may/20-things-you-didnt-know-about-pencils 3) Encyclopaedia of Britannica. (2014). Encyclopaedia of Britannica. Retrieved 14 Nov, 2014, from Friction: http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/220047/friction 4) jasmine. (8 November , 2008). Rehab Research. Retrieved 16 November, 2014, from Optimizing footwear for older people at risk of falls: http://www.rehab.research.va.gov/jour/08/45/8/pdf/menant.pdf 5) NO CAMELS NEWS. (2014). Israeli Fall-Prevention Motorized Shoe Is A Step In The Right Direction. Retrieved 18 November, 2014 , from http://nocamels.com/2014/05/israeli-fall-prevention-motorized-shoe-is-a-step-in-the-right-direction/ 6) PHYSICS. (2013). How hot does the tip of a pencil get while writing? Retrieved 20 November, 2014, from http://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/66770/how-hot-does-the-tip-of-a-pencil-get-while-writing Appendix: Prototype B Shoes created by Israel

Clockwork Orange :: essays papers

Clockwork Orange The freedom of choice and the rehabilitating form of corrections encase the realm of A Clockwork Orange, by Anthony Burgess. It produces the question about man's free will and the ability to choose one's destiny, good or evil. "If he can only perform good or only perform evil, then he is a clockwork orange-meaning that he has the appearance of an organism lovely with colour and juice but is in fact only a clockwork toy to be wound up by God or the Devil or State". Burgess expresses the idea that man can not be completely good or evil and must have both in order to create a moral choice. The book deals upon reforming a criminal with only good morals and conditioning an automated response to "evil." Burgess enforces the idea of the medical model of corrections, in terms of rehabilitating an offender, which is up to the individual. That one should determine the cause and then find an exclusive treatment to resolve that individual's case, then apply it. This is the case with the character Alex, a juvenile delinquent introduced into prisonization then conditioned by governmental moral standards. This lack of personal moral choice imposed upon Alex creates conflicting situations in which he has no control over. This is apparent when trying to readjust into society. As conflicts arise within the spectrum of criminal justice the main focus is revolved around the corrections aspect of reforming the criminal element. Within the confines of the seventies Londoner. The character, Alex is created as the ultimate juvenile delinquent leading a small gang. Living within his own world the use of old Londoner language and attire reflect the non-conformity with society. Let loose within a large metropolitan, Alex is engulfed in the affairs of several criminal practices, from rape to aggravated assault. As a juvenile delinquent, Alex is finally caught and seen as an adult offender. Like all offenders he promotes his innocence and sets blame upon his companions. "Where are the others? Where are my stinking traitorous droogs? One of my cursed grahzny bratties chained me on the glazzies. Get them before they get away. It was their idea, brothers. They like forced me to do it". Betrayed by his cohorts Alex is beaten by local officials and confesses to all the crimes. As a point to retribution a sergeant states, "Violence makes violence" and proceeds to through Alex back into the cell.

Operating System (Assignment)

1. In a multiprogramming and time sharing environment, several users share the system simultaneously. This situation can results in various security problems. a. What are the two such problems? Ans: The two problems in Multiprogramming and time sharing environment are Stealing or copying a user's files; Writing over another program's (belonging to another user or to the OS) area in memory; Using system resources (CPU, disk space) without proper accounting; Causing the printer to mix output by sending data while some other user's file is printing. ttp://wiki. answers. com/Q/What_are_the_main_two_problems_in_multiprogramming_environment_when_processes_are_run_concurrently_and_share_the_resources b. Can we ensure the same degree of security in a time shared machine as in a dedicated machine? Explain. Ans: No, because time-shared machines are far less secure, and are very easy to overload the buffers. Also they are much slower to catch a virus. http://wiki. answers. com/Q/Can_we_ensure_t he_same_security_in_a_time-shared_machine_as_in_a_dedicated_machine . The issue of resource utilization shows up in differenct forms in different types of operating systems. List what resources must be manged carefully in the following settings: a. Mainframe or Minicomputer systems Ans: Memory, CPU, Storage b. Workstations connected to servers Ans: Storage, Network Bandwidth c. Handheld computers Ans: Memory, CPU, Storage, Power 3. Describe the difference symmetric and asymmetric multiprocessing. What are three advantages and one disadvantages of multiprocessor system? Ans:The difference between symmetric and asymmetric multiprocessing is that in Symmetric processing treats all processors as equals; I/O can be processed on any of them, while Asymmetric processing designates one CPU as the master, which is the only one capable of performing I/O; the master distributes computational work among the other CPUs. Advantagesmultiprocessor system: ?Can save money, by sharing power supplies, housings, and peripherals ? Can execute programs more quickly ?Can have increased reliability Disadvantagesmultiprocessor system: More complex in both hardware and software. Additional CPU cycles are required to manage the cooperation, so per-CPU efficiency goes down. http://www. studymode. com/essays/Os-Assignment-419243. html 4. Distinguish between the client server and peer to peer models of distributed systems. Ans: A client-server model can be defined as a centralized environment, where all users, objects, resources, and so on are administered in a centralized location and can, if configured, use any network resources on any workstation on the domain. while a Peer-to-peer model can be defined as a decentralized environment, where the user must be assigned permissions on each workstation in order to access any available resources. 5. What is the purpose of interrupts? What are the difference between a trap and an interrupt? Can traps be generated intentionally by a user program ? If so, for what purpose? Ans: The difference between Interrupt and Trap is that Interrupt is a hardware-generated signal that changes the flow within the system. While a trap is a software-generated interrupt. 6.Define the essential properties of the following types of operating systems. a. Batch: Jobs with similar needs are batched together and run through the computer as a group, by an operator or automatic job sequencer. Performance is increased by attempting to keep CPU and I/O devices busy at all times through buffering, off-line operation, spooling, and multiprogramming. b. Interactive: Composed of many short transactions with input and output read/written on the screen; the results and timing of the next transaction may be unpredictable. Note that a urely interactive system (no time-sharing) only has one user; e. g. , a PC). c. Time-sharing: Uses CPU scheduling and multiprogramming to provide economical interactive use of a system. The CPU switches rapidly from one user to another. d. Real-time: The system must respond to inputs/commands within a fixed amount of time to ensure correct performance. Input is typically read from sensors. e. Network:Consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such as printers and CDs), exchange files, or allow electronic communications.The computers on a network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light beams. f. Parallel:More than one event happening at a time. It is usually contrasted with serial, meaning only one event happening at a time. g. Distributed: Divides computation up among several computers. The computers do not share memory or a clock; they communicate with each other over communication lines (e. g. , high-speed bus, telephone line). h. Clustered: i. Handheld:A handheld computer is a computer that can conveniently be stored in a pocket (of sufficient size) and used while you're holding it.

English-Learning Podcasts for Teachers and Students

English-Learning Podcasts for Teachers and Students Podcasting provides a means of publishing audio programs via the Internet. Users can automatically download podcasts (usually mp3 files) onto their computers and transfer these recordings automatically to portable music players such as Apples extremely popular iPods. Users can then listen to the files anytime and anywhere they choose. Podcasting is especially interesting for English learners as it provides a means for students to get access to authentic listening sources about almost any subject they may interest them. Teachers can take advantage of podcasts as a basis for listening comprehension exercises, as a means of generating conversation based on students reaction to podcasts, and as a way of providing each and every student diverse listening materials. Students will obviously find the ability to listen to these podcasts useful especially due to its portability. Another extremely useful aspect of podcasting is its subscription model. In this model, users subscribe to a feed using a program. The most popular of these programs, and possibly most useful, is iTunes. While iTunes is not by any means solely dedicated to podcasts, it does provide an easy means to subscribe to free podcasts. Another popular program is available at iPodder, which focuses solely on subscribing to podcasts. Podcasting for English Learners and Teachers While podcasting is relatively new, there are already a number of promising podcasts dedicated to English learning. Here is a selection of the best I could find: English Feed English Feed is a new podcast I have created. The podcast focuses on important grammar and vocabulary subjects while providing great listening practice. You can sign up for the podcast in iTunes, iPodder, or any other podcatching software. If you arent sure of what podcasting is ( a listening practice that you can receive automatically), you might want to take a look at this short introduction to podcasting. The Word Nerds This podcast is very professional, delivers excellent information about relevant topics and is a lot of fun. Created for native speakers of English who enjoy learning about the ins-and-outs of the language, The Word Nerds podcast is also excellent for advanced level English learners - especially those who are interested in idiomatic English. English Teacher John Show Podcast John focuses on understandable English speaking in an extremely clear voice (some might find the perfect pronunciation unnatural) provides useful English lesson - ideal for intermediate level learners. ESLPod One of the more mature - if you can say that anything is mature at this point - podcasts dedicated to ESL learning. The podcasts include advanced vocabulary and subjects which will prove especially useful for English for Academic Purposes classes. Pronunciation is very slow and clear, if rather unnatural. Flo-Joe Also, a commercial site for teachers and students preparing for Cambridge First Certificate in English (FCE), Certificate in Advanced English (CAE) and Certificate of Proficiency in English (CPE). Advanced level English podcasting with a decidedly British accent - both in terms of pronunciation and themes about British life.

Japanese Lessons

Japanese Lessons Following is the complete list of my free online Japanese lessons. If you are new to the language and dont know where to start learning, try my  Learn to Speak Japanese  page. If you would like to learn how to write, my  Japanese Writing for Beginners  is a good place to start learning hiragana, katakana and kanji. As for listening practice, try my Japanese Audio Files  page. You will also find many other tools on my site to help you learn. A great way to keep track of all the updates on my site is by signing up for my free language newsletters. The Word of the Day E-course will give you something new to study each day. The Weekly Newsletter will provide you with all the featured content that has appeared on my site. You can also see what other learners have asked in my Question of the Week link. In addition to the newsletters, my site also has Phrase of the Day Lessons. Phrase of the Day helps you to think in Japanese while you are doing common tasks throughout the day. It will help you get more into the Japanese mindset and grasp the structure of the language. You can also try out my Simple Japanese Phrases if you are more of a beginner. They are great to use if you happen to have a Japanese friend to practice with. Another great way to help you learn a language is to make it fun. Try out my Quizzes and Games link for lots of fun exercises that will make learning even more enjoyable. The more you keep something fun and fresh, the more youll want to keep doing it. Learning about culture is also an effective way to stimulate learning. The Japanese language is closely tied with its culture, so it is a fascinating and useful way to learn. It is really difficult to learn a language if you dont have a grasp of the culture. You can also try out my Reading Practice, which contains stories about culture and life, but are written in kanji, hiragana and katakana. Not to worry as they also contain an English translation and an easy to read romaji revision. Introduction to Japanese * Learn to Speak Japanese - Thinking of learning Japanese and want to know more, start here. * Introductory Lessons - If you are ready   to learn Japanese, start here. * Basic Lessons - Confident with the basic lessons or want to brush up, go here. * Grammar/Expressions - Verbs, adjectives, particles, pronouns, useful expressions and more. Japanese Writing * Japanese Writing for Beginners - Introduction to Japanese writing. * Kanji Lessons - Are you interested in kanji? Here you will find the most commonly used kanji characters.   * Hiragana Lessons - Here you will find all 46 hiragana and how to write them. * Learn Hiragana with Japanese Culture - Lessons to practice hiragana with Japanese cultural examples. * Katakana Lessons - Here you will find all 46 katakana and how to write them. Listening Comprehension and Pronunciation   * Japanese Audio Files - Use them on a regular basis to improve your speech. * Japanese Language Videos   - Free instructional videos to improve your comprehension. Japanese Vocabulary * Simple Japanese Phrases - Try these simple phrases whenever you have a chance. * Japanese Phrase of the Day - Think in Japanese when you do these daily actions. * Japanese Word of the Day - Learn a new Japanese word every day. Reading Practice * Japanese Reading Practice - Short Japanese essays about daily life and culture.   Other Japanese Lessons * Question of the Week - Useful questions about the Japanese language from viewers. * Japanese Quizzes and Games * Articles about Japanese Language and Culture Free Japanese Language Newsletters * Weekly Japanese Language Newsletter * Daily Japanese Word of the Day E-course

Klebsiella pneumoniae(Microbiology) Research Paper

Klebsiella pneumoniae(Microbiology) - Research Paper Example It is also present in soil and around 30% of the species fix nitrogen under anaerobic conditions (Postgate, 1998). Research Background Klebsiella is becoming the topic of research as it is emerging as an impetrative pathogen in nosocomial infections. Klebsiella possess two different kinds of antigens one on its cell wall and other on its capsule. The O antigen is present as a cell wall component on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and possess 9 different kinds. The capsular antigen is known as K antigen and possess as many as 80 different kinds. These antigens are responsible for the virulence of the organism (Podschun, 1998). Clinical implications These virulence factors are responsible for disease called pneumonia. Pneumonia is the disease of lungs and results in inflammation of lungs. This results in necrosis of cells. It then produces thick, blood filled mucous or sputum. The causal organism is Klebsiella pneumoniae. The organism gains access into the lower part of respiratory tract and inhabit there as an oropharyngeal microbial population (Todar). If the immune system of the individual is compromised either due to poor nutrition or some condition of illness then the individual is likely to suffer with pneumonia. It is observed that Klebsiella pneumoniae affects individuals suffering from either diabetes, or display any kind of malignancy or witness liver disease or malfunction or if the individual is alcoholic. It is also reported that individuals with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases (COPD) or suffer from renal failure, they also become victim of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Professional hazard in case of paper mill workers is also observed where personnel are likely to become soft targets for Klebsiella pneumoniae (Todar). Hospitalizations could also result in Klebsiella pneumoniae infestation and therefore the organism is becoming a source of nosocomial infections. Under these conditions, Klebsiella pneumoniae causes bronchopneumonia and also bronchitis. T he patient may witness abscess of lungs, or cavitations in lungs, pus may get collected in the lung cavities resulting in empyema or pleural empyema, as a result of pneumonia, this are linked with parapneumonic effusions. This is a three phase ailment encompassing (Pothula, 1994). a. exudative phase where accumulation of pus takes place. b. fibrinopurulent stage where lot of pus pockets are being generated. c. the organizing stage which causes entrapment of lung(s) (Pothula, 1994). Pleural adhesion may be generated as a result of all the implications causing elevation in death rate. Klebsiella also affects the urinary tract, causing UTI. It also disrupts the intestinal lining and hence causes diarrhea. It is capable of colonizing in the upper respiratory tract and causes upper respiratory tract infection. It also causes infection of wounds, inflammation of gall bladder causing cholecystitis, as well as infection of bone and bone marrow leading to osteomyelitis. The most dreaded infe ction caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae is the inflammation of meninges leading to meningitis, it travels the blood stream leading to septicemia (Todar). The prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae in the invasive device or support equipments or catheters, not only contaminates the device but also position patients at an enhanced risk for Klebsiella infection. Thus sepsis as well as septic shock enables the bacteria to gain entry into the blood (Todar). Research The implications of Klebsiella are so

The Fair Trade Movement Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Fair Trade Movement - Research Paper Example The contemporary fair trade movement traces its roots back in the 1950’s when it was known as the Alternative Trade Organizations (ATO). Evidently, Alternative Trade Organizations were formed by humanitarian groups that sought to address the pertinent issue of poverty in the developing countries through alleviation measures. To this end, the humanitarian groups adopted the approach of cutting off the middleman from the supply chain of trade between small scale businesses in the Southern hemisphere and small scale producers in the Northern hemisphere (Warrier, 100). Evidently, Oxfam UK intervened by selling craftwork in Oxfam shops which were produced by Chinese refugees (Hutchens, 5). To this end, the result was increased amount of profits for the labour force in developing nations. In 1988, the Dutch chapter of the Alternative Trade Organizations, Solidarid, innovatively crafted a labelling mechanism. Evidently, it aided in the introduction of products within mainstream marke ts without betraying consumer trust in their acts of humanitarian assistance. Background Information In 1964, Oxfam UK formed the first Fair Trade Organization (Warrier, 100). In this regard, there were parallel interventions being undertaken in Netherlands. Consequently, an importing organization known as Fair Trade Original was created in 1967. To this end, Dutch third world associations started to sell sugar cane under the slogan, â€Å"by buying sugar cane, you offer poor people in third world countriea a chance in the sun of prosperity†. Moreover, the third world Dutch groups proceeded to sell Southern handicrafts and by 1969, they opened the first ‘Third World Shop.’ ... Consequently, this led to the creation of numerous Southern Fair Trade Organizations which established networks with the newly created Northern organizations (Hutchens, 5). Evidently, the North and South co-operation was centred on respect, dialogue, transparency and partnership. The mutual goal was towards achieving better equity in international trade. In addition, developing countries were engaged in international political platforms towards addressing the inequality and unfairness in international trade. In this regard, during the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development that took place in Delhi in 1968, the developing nations were addressing the issue of ‘Trade not Aid.’ To this end, the third world countries emphasized on the creation of mutual, and equitable trade partnership with the South. This was in defiance to the North’s approach which was involved in getting all the benefits and offering piecemeal benefits masqueraded as developmental aid. Evidently, development trade has been attributed to the growth of Fair Trade Movement since the late 1960s. Moreover, its growth is attributed to the responsive intervention against poverty as well as partly due to disaster emanating from the South. Its major focus during its inception was the marketing promotion of craft items. The eminent founders of the Fair Trade Movement were drawn from large humanitarian and religious organizations located in European countries. Consequently, collaboration with Southern counterparts led to the creation of Southern Fair Trade Organizations (Warrier, 100). Evidently, the Southern Fair Trade Organizations performed the work of

Hydro-power and the wildlife damage it causes Essay

Hydro-power and the wildlife damage it causes - Essay Example She implies despite the positive benefits brought about by Hydro power, the environment suffers a great deal of its side effects, notably, extinction of some form of wildlife. With the emergence of Global warming, dams have received a lot of attention despite the fact that they generate huge quantities of electricity without really burning fossil fuels. In this context, multiple questions have been raised concerning the environmental effects of hydropower. Among them, Are dams carbon neutral? What of the energy used in the construction of Dams and the reservoir that are created behind them (deforestation and decomposition). Notably, endless questions have been raised over the impact of Hydropower on the surrounding environment and more particularly, its impact on wildlife. As opponents of hydropower indicate, it appears as if enough evidence has been found to discredit Hydropower as an efficient energy source. Having that in mind, the paper seeks to discuss the negative environmental effects posed by Hydropower with a view to elucidate on the destruction of wildlife habitats. In a study by FWEE on provision of balanced information for water as a renewable energy resource in the North West, it is indicated that, some specific impacts due to a hydroelectric power projects mainly depends on the following variables (FWEE 1). Firstly, the size and the flow rate, secondly, the climatic and habitat conditions, thirdly, design type and operation of the project. Additionally, the habitat and climatic conditions as well as, the project locations play a significant role. In terms of the project location, upstream or downstream location often comes in focus. This clearly reveals that the dynamics involved in hydropower generations affect various sectors that are directly or indirectly related to its production. McCully, in his article of big Dams big trouble, published by New internationalists, close to sixty percent of the world’s largest river system are mostly fr agmented by numerous dams and considerable water withdrawals for irrigation purposes. This implies that the massive fragmentation of and replumbing of the world largest rivers has led to an increased loss of fresh water species. In this regard, close to a third of the world fresh water fish species have been reported as extinct, vulnerable or endangered. Additionally, IEA Hydropower Agreement on Hydropower and the environment: present context and the guidelines for future Action, indicates that construction of the reservoir increased the storage water, thus covering riparian areas stream banks (23). Following these, inundation occurs. A change in the habitat conditions leads to the emergence of a new equilibrium. While this is happening, different set of dynamics begin to affect how species grow feed, spawn and grow within these regions. Though a rise in water levels increase electricity production, the riparian zone is affected since some of the vegetation initially covered by wate r may never re-establish McCully further indicates that a significant but unknown number of , amphibians, shell fish, as well as plants and birds that depend on Fresh water ecosystems are on the verge of extinction or as such, at risk (620). He further points it out that Flooding from Dams has the potential to disrupt Wildlife

Physical Fitness and Nutrition Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Physical Fitness and Nutrition Worksheet Essay In order to obtain optimal health, it is critical to be physically fit and eat a healthy and balanced diet. Becoming knowledgeable about what it means to be physically fit and learning how to evaluate the nutritional value of what you eat may greatly increase your ability to improve your health and wellness. In this three-part worksheet, you identify the five components of health related fitness, critique a recipe for nutritional value, and respond to two short answer questions about nutrition. Completing this assignment is a step towards gaining the knowledge needed to better manage your physical fitness and nutrition. Part 1: Five Components of Health Related Fitness Table Complete the table below. The first row has been filled in for you as an example. Components of Physical FitnessDescriptionHow to Incorporate in Your LifeBenefit(s) Cardiorespiratory FitnessBeing able to exercise at a moderate to high intensity for a long period of timeWalk 2 miles at a brisk pace every day.Reduced the risk of heart disease, hypertension, and high cholesterol. Muscular StrengthMaximum force able to be exerted by single contraction of a muscle or muscle groupStart out with crunches, lunges and squats.The ability to carry out tasks easier that like yard work. Muscular EnduranceAbility to perform high-intensity muscle contractions repeatedly without fatiguing Do push-ups to build up muscular endurance.Increased metabolism, Reduced fatigue, fewer injuries, and fewer back problems. Flexibility Ability to move joints freely through their full range of motion Start with stretching or yoga to help with flexibility. Being able to keep joints flexible and ability to reach or move. Body CompositionThe amount and relative proportions and distribution of fat mass and fat-free mass in the body By exercising, eating right and managing my time. Living longer and feeling good about one’s self. Part 2: Critique a Meal For this part of the assignment, you critique the nutritional value of a meal. You will select this meal from the USDA website. Follow the instructions below: †¢Access the USDA Recipe Finder search tool at http://recipefinder.nal.usda.gov/ o(either click on or paste the above link in your internet’s address bar) †¢Search for a recipe using one of the available criteria: oType in ingredients; oType in a recipe name, or; oChoose options from the available categories †¢Select a recipe to critique from the generated results. Review the nutritional information provided for the recipe you selected or added and answer the questions below. Each response should be 75 to 125 words. 1.What is the name of the recipe you are evaluating? The name of the recipe that I am evaluating is Baked Chicken with Vegetables. 2.Which essential nutrients—carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, and minerals—are included in the recipe? The essential nutrients that are included in this recipe are saturated fats, carbohydrates, Fiber and protein. Also included are Vitamin A that adds carotene and helps with the eyes; Vitamin C which is important for growth and development; Calcium needed for muscle, bones and nerves. Iron helps with distributing oxygen to the body. Vitamin E helps body tissue from damage. Vitamin K makes proteins for bones and tissue also helps with clotting to not bleed too much. 3.Which ingredients are providing each nutrient? Potatoes have vitamin C, potassium, and carbohydrates. Carrots have vitamin A, E, and K. Onions have potassium, Vitamin C and sodium. Chicken there is vitamins B1, B2, B3, B5, B6 and iron. If the body is missing any vitamins the body will start to deteriorate. 4.Does this recipe include a good balance of essential nutrients? Explain your answer. I believe it does have a good balance but not to the full extent that it could be. Anything could be added to have the extra missing vitamins and minerals that a lot of people do not get on a regular basis. 5.How could the recipe be altered to include more essential nutrients? The recipe could be altered to include more essential nutrients by adding mushrooms, cheese, nuts or eggs. These items would add vitamin D and E. Vitamin D helps with the absorption of calcium and magnesium. Vitamin E is similar to vitamin C in helping protect the body from damage and helps with red blood cells. So adding the items in one way or another would add to the nutrients that one’s body. 6.Do you consider this a healthy meal? If not, what is a healthy alternative? Yes I do consider this a healthy meal in the fact that it does have quit a few vitamins and minerals that our bodies need on a regular  basis. It is low in fat and calories and will still fill someone up in one meal. With the chicken, carrots, onions, and potatoes there is not too much more that would be needed to supplement the body.

UK Social Enterprises for Sustainability

UK Social Enterprises for Sustainability Abstract Social enterprise is a dynamic and sustainable business model of choice which is able to bring social, economic and environmental benefits to the UK. It operates across all sectors of the economy, serving individuals in the private, public and third sectors. Through out this research will identify the increase levels of understanding of the role and value of Social Enterprise, given that a lack of understanding of the role and value of social enterprises was cited as a major barrier to the acceleration of the use of the business model. I will further state that social enterprises compete in the marketplace like any other business, but they use their business skills to achieve social aims. The purpose of this research will identify the key barriers faced by Social Enterprise and explore how these barriers have/could potentially be overcome to achieve sustainability. There is also a need to recognise that some social enterprise activity will need an element of finance through public fu nds, particularly because they are operating in areas of market failure or a non-commercial market such as providing services to vulnerable people, including supported employment in many cases. This paper is intended to create an environment which will lead to opportunities for social enterprise to grow successfully in the future. Chapter 1: Introduction A brief overview of social enterprise is introduced in the first chapter. Then, the purpose of the study will be next discussed which will end with a specific research question. In the end of this chapter the contribution of this research and limitation of the study are also presented. 1.1 A Brief Overview of Social Enterprise Social enterprises are organisations that supply goods and services as part of the social economy sector; this group constitutes a collection of organisations that exist between the traditionally private and public sectors and has a stronger relationship with the Community and Non-profit sector. This sector has a key role to play in achieving many of its goals, including overcoming social injustice and exclusion Todays completive business world defining social enterprise is a challenging task, according to OECD (1999, p.10) â€Å"there is no universal, commonly accepted definition of Social Enterprise.† However, the OECD (1999, p.10) has defined social enterprise as: â€Å"any private activity conducted in the public interest, organised with an entrepreneurial strategy but whose main purpose is not the maximisation of profit but the accomplishment of certain economic and social goals, and which has a capacity of bringing innovative solutions to the problems of social exclusion and unemployment†. Social enterprises are becoming a recognised part of the local and national economy in the UK, and the organisations operating in this sector are aware that becoming sustainable businesses is the path to independence both financially and in mission. However, social enterprises, in common with many small businesses, find growth difficult, and this could impact negatively on their sustainability. These should be supported and encouraged to grow both as a sector and as individual organizations so as to become more sustainable organizations. 1.2 Purpose of the Study My paper has been developed to explore how the term social enterprise has acquired meaning in England and to illustrate how practitioners, policymakers and academics influence each other in the development of new sustainable ideas, given that a lack of understanding of the role and significance of social enterprises was cited as a major barrier to the acceleration of the use of this business model. These challenges come in many forms. Some are the same as those affecting any other business including access to business support and finance, a lack of affordable premises and finding skilled staff. However, social enterprises also face one huge barrier that seriously affects their ability to assume a position within the market. That barrier is a lack of understanding of how social enterprises work and of their potential value. This lack of understanding exists across the public, private and voluntary and community sectors. The confusion and conflict about what the model could or should be for results all too often in misrepresentation and exaggeration of its potential, fragmentation in the provision of support and real and perceived barriers to accessing contracts and mainstream funding opportunities. So my dissertation will identify the key barriers faced by Social Enterprise and explore how these barriers have/could potentially be overcome in order to achieve sustainability. It examines critical incidents that have shaped the meaning of social enterprise in England and reflects on these incidents to draw conclusions about the future sustainable development of social enterprise practice. Through out this paper I will also examine the potential conditions for the growth of social enterprise through a set of outline scenarios. The aim is to inform both policy-making and the wider debate about social enterprise: what its potential might be and how that potential can be realised in different settings. So my research question is: To explore how the social enterprise is potential for sustainability in the UK. 1.3 Limitations of the Study: During conducting the research I came across certain limitations and among them the foremost one is time constrain. The interviewed person could not provide all necessary information due to lack of time. The research timeline also reveals that time constrain was actually a barrier as there was plenty to find about this research topic. A huge portion of the report is based on primary data collected through interviews which is very lengthy process. The key point here is that social enterprise cannot be identified solely by legal form or pre-set categories. Social enterprises can often see themselves as belonging to more than one category, leading to problems of double counting. For example, a social enterprise may be a charity registered with the Charities Commission or an ‘exempt charity which is also an Industrial and Provident Society. There is also much variation in the categories which have been used in studies to date, making aggregation and comparison very difficult. 1.4 Structure of the Report: This research is divided into five chapters: the first chapter is an introduction with purpose and limitation of the study. In the second chapter, literature based review of definitions of social enterprise, roots of social enterprise, discussion relevant to the sustainability of social enterprise, the nature of their contribution and their sponsors and sources of funding. The third summarises the background information of social enterprise in the UK and the fourth and fifth chapter contain the methodology and the summary of the main findings of the study with implications for policy. Chapter 2: Literature Review This chapter will give an overview of literature and models that are related to the research problem presented in the previous chapter. This chapter will introduce the roots and concepts of social enterprise in order to give a clear idea about the research area. 2.1 Roots of social enterprise Scott specified (Market, Schmarket : Building the Post-Capitalist Society,2006, p50) â€Å"The roots of social enterprises and community enterprise overall can be found in the mutual, self help and co-operative sector which goes back, in the UK, at least to the Fenwick Weavers in Ayrshire 1769 and Dr William King of Brighton in the 1820s (Trimingham, 2007), with earlier antecedents.† Within the development of this movement there has always been an important strand which has focused on the local community-based nature of these organisations and also on the economic development of poorer communities including the need to maintain paid work. For example between the two world wars, local community activists such as Harry Cowley campaigned for housing and work for returning service people and support for small local businesses. He organised marches to demand public works ‘job creation programmes from the local council for unemployed people with some success. 2.3 General Discussion on Social Enterprise Social Enterprises combine the need to be successful businesses with social aims. This is a competitive business, owned and trading for a social purpose. They seek to succeed as businesses by establishing a market share and making a profit and emphasise the long-term benefits for employees, consumers and the community. Bob Doherty and John Thompson mentioned in the journal ‘The diverse world of social enterprise stories (p.362) that social enterprises are organizations which are seeking business solutions to social crisis. These are needed to be differentiated from other socially-oriented organizations. These also need to take initiatives that can promote to communities but which are not wanting or seeking to be â€Å"businesses†. In this esteem these latter organizations remain dependent on endowments and donations rather than build up true paying customers. According to DTI report A Progress Report on Social Enterprise: A Strategy for Success (2003, p.6), social enterprise is such a business which reinvests its surpluses in the business or in the community rather than increases profit for shareholders or owners. Peter Drucker argues that social entrepreneurs â€Å"change the performance capacity of society† (Gendron, 1996, p. 37) while Henton et al. (1997: p.1) speak of ‘civic entrepreneurs as â€Å"a new generation of leaders who forge new, powerfully productive linkages at the intersection of business, government, education and community† . Ali B. Somers (Shaping the balanced scorecard for use in UK social enterprises, p.46) stated â€Å"Social enterprise emphasise creating social and/or environmental value at all stages of their production process, as an intrinsic part of their identity†. Figure:1 describes the production process of social enterprise. Inputs Production Process Outputs: Goods and Services Labour Employee/ Client Raw Materials: from Environmental Sources Can Include: Democratic Governance or training for employee/ client Base Goods and services sold to market: Economic Profit, Social Profit and Environmental Profit Economic Profit flows back to Social Enterprise and Ethical Investors Social and Environmental profit flow to Community Indicates environmental and social motives affect production Figure: 1 Production of Social Enterprise Source: Somers, A.B., 2005. Shaping the balanced scorecard for use in UK social enterprises. Social Enterprise Journal, 1(1), p.46 2.4 Discussion Relevant to the Sustainability of Social Enterprise There has been an unprecedented wave of growth in Social Entrepreneurship globally over the last ten years (Bornstein 2004, pp.3-6). For Example, as part of the 2004 Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) report a survey was conducted of social entrepreneurship activity in the UK; these data suggested that new ‘social start-ups are emerging at a faster ate than more conventional, commercial ventures (Harding and Cowling, 2004, p.5) There are three sides to sustainability in business activity: environment, economy and community. When aiming for sustainable practice all three factors must be given equal consideration from a local through to a global level. Environment Ensuring that business engages in the proper and careful use of finite resources and the management of waste so as to minimize the negative and maximize the positive impact of human activity. Economy Ensuring that business is financially viable, engages in good employment practice and is of benefit to the economy as a whole. Community Ensuring that business is overall of benefit to communities, their culture heritage and does not endanger them. Figure2: Sustainable Social Enterprise Schulyer (1998: p.3) describes social entrepreneurs as â€Å"individuals who have a vision for social change and who have the financial resources to support their ideas.who exhibit all the skills of successful business people as well as a powerful desire for social change† Greater flexibility in the use of public resources to respond to innovative community proposals, and venture investments from foundations and the private sector could be used to stimulate innovation in areas thought to be too risky for government as the sole investor. As Catford (1998, p. 96) argues that â€Å"social entrepreneurswill only flourish if they are supported by the right environment, which will be created largely by governments together with the private sector†. Social Enterprise seeks surplus generation in order to achieve financial sustainability. The need to financial sustainability is fundamental to social enterprises. Emphasizing financial sustainability in addition to profit distribution becomes a way to account for all activities the organization engages in, including advocacy and in support of bono work. Sacrificing one cause and effect chain for another can have significant implications for both the quality of work and social enterprises financial sustainability. Profit Distribution (Increase Income) Increase Revenue Use Resource Efficiently Trading Revenue Non Trading Revenue Manage Cost Track Advocacy Financial: Promote Sustainability of organization Social: Increase value to target community Whilst many may rely on combination of grant and trading income, ultimately, if an organisation is not financially sustainable, it cannot deliver its social and environmental impact. Fig3. shows how the profit of social organisation is distributed to the organization itself and community. Figure: 3 Financial Sustainability Source: Somers, A.B., 2005. Shaping the balanced scorecard for use in UK social enterprises. Social Enterprise Journal, 1(1), p.50 2.5 Policy Reform and Good Governance DTI report A Progress Report onSocial Enterprise: A Strategy for Success (2003, p.6) describes the three key goals for government as creating an enabling environment, making social enterprises better businesses and establishing the value of social enterprise. The danger in not supporting social entrepreneurship is obvious to Reis (1999: p. 4) who calls for systematic intervention to accelerate and improve philanthropic efforts. Without this he argues that substantial numbers of potential donors and social entrepreneurs could be â€Å"discouraged, turned-off, and lost from philanthropy and social change work†. So, in recent years, the boundaries between the private sectors (in term of market thinking and managerial practices) have impacted the public and voluntary sectors and started to blur traditional distinctions between them (Bull, 2006, 2007). The emergence of radical business alternatives with a strong social orientation, democratic organisation, and positive attitude to profitable trading has led to formal recognition and academic scrutiny (Seanor, Bull and Ridley-Duff, 2007). Brown, H and Murphy, E (2003: p.57) mentioned on Bank of England report that â€Å"Social enterprises, like all businesses, need access to a range of financial products appropriate to their activity and stage of development† An HM Treasury report on Enterpriseand Social Exclusion (1999, p 108) came to the conclusion, arguing that social enterprise was â€Å"less understood and rarely promoted in a consistent way by the existing infrastructure for business support†. Thompson et al. (2000: p. 328) describe â€Å"people who realize where there is an opportunity to satisfy some unmet need that the state welfare system will not or cannot meet, and who gather together the necessary resources (generally people, often volunteers, money and premises) and use these to ‘make a difference†. It is more useful to consider and develop social enterprise capabilities rather than skills and capacity building. The fact that social enterprises need to combine commercial objectives with social mission as well as internal governance, means that a â€Å"capabilities approach† is more comprehensive. This is a useful way of recognising factors additional to individual skills that inter-play to determine the effectiveness and impact of a specific enterprise. It also moves away from limited considerations of a key person or group within the organisation, and their specific skills, towards a more holistic view of what the organisation is capable of doing, irrespective of the location of particular skills. Laville and Nyssens (2001: p 325) argue that while the origins of social enterprises are based in reciprocity and thus form part of the third system, their strength is based in their ability to tap into all three economic principles and systems. They are different from private enterprise in that their goal is not the maximization of profit to benefit owners, although they do develop market activities and generate profits. They are also different from the public sector in that they are independent from direct control by public authorities. But they benefit to a greater or lesser extent from public subsidy. Thus they mobilize market relations to sell services or goods, and can use redistributive relations by utilizing government funding to finance their services. Their long-term sustainability depends on their ability to ‘continuously hybridise the three poles of the economy so as to serve the project. Their complementary use of monetary and non-monetary relations guarantees auto nomy of service based on their connections within communities and economic viability. This view of social enterprises offers an insight into their complexity in terms of the roles they must juggle and of the many forms from cooperatives, community enterprises, social firms, fair-trade companies and more that they take. Dees (1998: p.4) identifies five criteria that social entrepreneurs possess: adopting a mission to create and sustain social value; recognizing and relentlessly pursuing new opportunities to serve that mission; engaging in a process of continuous innovation, adaptation and learning; acting boldly without being limited by resources currently in hand; and exhibiting a heightened sense of accountability to the constituencies served and to the outcomes created. Catford (1998, p.97) who articulates the issues and one possible solution most eloquently: â€Å"Traditional welfare-state approaches are in decline globally, and in response new ways of creating healthy and sustainable communities are required. This challenges our social, economic and political systems to respond with new, creative and effective environments that support and reward change. From the evidence available, current examples of social entrepreneurship offer exciting new ways of realizing the potential of individuals and communitiesinto the 21st century†. The Progress Report on Social Enterprise: A Strategy for Success(2003, p.68) concludes that there is little hard evidence to demonstrate the impact and added value of social enterprise. The report points out that one of the reasons for the lack of statistical evidence is that social enterprises create a range of social and environmental impacts, beyond their financial return (the ‘double or the ‘triple bottom line) that are hard to measure (even by the social enterprises themselves). Limited information on their social and environmental, as well as financial, impact also means that policy makers, business support providers and finance providers find it difficult to assess the value of targeting social enterprises or of including them in their activities. 2.6 Concluding Remarks Academic writing about modern social entrepreneurship skills is relatively limited, compared to mainstream business or charities. The concept of ‘social enterprise has been rapidly emerging in the private, public and non-profit sectors over the last few years. Currently, the non-profit sector is facing increasing demands for improved effectiveness and sustainability in light of diminishing funding from traditional sources and increased competition for these scarce resources. At the same time, the increasing concentration of wealth in the private sector is promoting calls for increased corporate social responsibility and more proactive responses to complex social problems, while governments at all levels are struggling with multiple demands on public funds. Chapter 3: Background Information of Social Enterprise This chapter will give the idea about the social enterprise types and size in the UK along with the impact, barriers and sources of fund in this organizations. Social Enterprise in the UK The UK government has been at the front position of enabling and encouraging the increase of social enterprises as part of both welfare services delivery and community regeneration at the policy level. The impacts and influence of public, private, and citizen are empirically proven and exhibit that these conventional sectors of society are playing a part in re-evaluating the value creation opportunities offered by market (or quasi-market) mechanisms. [Brief overview of types] According to the UK policy-making community, social enterprises play a vital role in the creation of economic and social value. It has been claimed that, there were some 15,000 social enterprises in the UK SBS(2005, pp.1-2), accounting for around 1.2% of all employing enterprises in the UK. These social enterprises generate around  £18 billion in annual turnover and employ over 775,000 people (475,000 paid employees and 300,000 volunteer staff). Governments Survey and existing data for the social enterprise sector estimated that there are at least 55,000 social enterprises in the UK, with a combined turnover of  £27billion per year which is raised to over  £800 million from the preceding year. This corresponds to 2% of the UKs GDP . The number of registered charities rose from around 120,000 in 1995 to more than 164,000 in 2005, and there are also hundreds of thousands of small community groups. According to Government estimates, social enterprises account for 5% of all businesses with employees and contribute approximately  £8.4billion to GDP (HM Treasury and Cabinet Office, 2006, p.29), around 0.7% of the total economy. The data obtained from the cabinet office website in social sector showed that in the year 2003/04, 56% of third sector organisations reported an increase in activity in the previous year, and 67% of them expected activity to grow in the next three years. Positive aspects of social enterprise: Social enterprise is a varied activity and can include a range of organisations working on different scales and at different levels of trading. Some work at community level, while others work nationally. They can work in public services or commercial markets. They often work in the most disadvantaged areas and work with the most disadvantaged groups. Some organisations work only as a social enterprise while in other organisations social enterprise is often a part of their activity. This most commonly applies in a voluntary organisation or a housing association. According to Bob Doherty and John Thompson (The diverse world of social enterprise stories, p.362) the common characteristics for a Social Enterprise are: They have a social rationale and yields and surpluses are not shared out to shareholders. Reinvested profit can be used to provide training and development opportunities for staff. They use assets and capital to generate community benefit. They pursue this with (at least in part) trade in a market place. Members or employees can also take part in decision making. The enterprise is responsible to both its members and a wider society. Citizenship participation and volunteering are encouraged within the local community The social enterprise model could create new forms of entrepreneurship and employment within a community The model is ideally placed to meet new needs within a community, if supported sufficiently at start up Social Enterprises can offer goods and services to poor and disenfranchised communities The potential of a profits and revenue stream could liberate organisations from the tyranny of fundraising and grant applications Organisations could flourish effectively and creatively under this model There is either a double or triple-bottom line concept. The assumption is that the most effective social enterprises exhibit healthy financial and social returns rather than high profits in one and lower profits in the other. Social enterprise makes an important contribution to the social, economic and environmental development of Scotland. This can be summarised as follows. Fig 4: Beneficiaries of Social Enterprise Source: Social enterprise is extremely varied but, importantly, it works in a number of key priority areas for the UK economy- these include: employment and training; childcare; health; adult care services; recycling; renewable energy; transport; financial inclusion; community regeneration; and rural development. In particular, social enterprise contributes to regenerating our most deprived communities in both urban and rural areas. It often works with the people who have least opportunity in our society, including those outside the labour market, and so it has a major role to play in developing employability and supported employment and ensuring equal opportunities to those people. Social enterprise can add value to many of its activities by focusing on social, economic and environmental benefits, importantly linking these aims in a positive way, which in other business models may sometimes cause conflict. Social enterprise can offer goods and services to its customers in a flexible and innovative way. It can focus on their needs to deliver better public services. Often this is in areas where the market has failed areas where the private sector does not want to go. Social enterprise can make sure resources give value for money where a public-sector contract is needed for the activity. This includes working with very marginalised groups, where the enterprise activity helps reduce the amount of public funding needed. Through encouraging social entrepreneurship in communities, levels of public subsidy and grant dependency can be reduced. Barriers of social enterprise â€Å"†¦often have boards of directors or trustees who come from a voluntary sector rather than a business background. This can lead to a lack of business focus and prevent social enterprise from truly reaching their potential (DTI 2002, p.62) Several challenges remain before the full potential of the third sector can be realised. First, the Government must carry through its commitment to provide a constructive partnership with the sector and resist the temptation to treat it as one of the instruments for the marketisation of the Welfare State. Amicus, a trade union with workers in the public, private and third sectors, is concerned that an expansion of the third sector will be a ‘stepping stone to the privitisation of the public sector (Maskell quoted in Little, 2007, p.31). Second, the majority of third sector organisations are small and under-capitalised and they are constrained in the growth aspirations by limited access to capital (Bank of England, 2003; SQW, 2007). Insufficient capital can lead to either under-investment, or a re-orientation towards market objectives in order to obtain finance, and the consequent re-prioritisation of economic over social and environmental outcomes. To enable third sector organisations to maintain the balance between economic, social and environmental outcomes, the Government must ensure that a pragmatic and realistic assessment of the financial costs of service delivery is incorporated into their policies and strategies (HM Treasury, 2006).Third, a curse of successful activities in the third sector is that they themselves are prone to being privatised and consequently turned into capitalist ventures that adopt orthodox business practices, as has been the case with the demutualisation of the Building Society movement in the UK. According to UK Government and various literatures review shows that there are mainly four significant barriers to accessing appropriate business support and finance for social enterprises throughout the region. 1. Cultural barriers between those setting up social enterprises and mainstream business advisors. 2. Lack of clarity about where to access business support at the local level, largely due to the huge diversity of routes into starting up social enterprises. 3. Limited numbers of accredited technical specialists in key business advice areas where social enterprises require specialist support, for example on legal structure, potential investors or taxation. 4. Limited sources of affordable equity and loan finance of all sizes. All of these barriers inhibit the use of available business support by social enterprise. Many of the issues are cultural, but there are also skills issues, with mainstream business advice agencies not being adequately equipped to address more technical aspects of social enterprise business development. Specialists do exist within the region but many of them are funded through short-term grant finance. This enables the free provision of services but a lack of long-term sustainability for the advice services themselves. To grow and develop social enterprise in UK, we must tackle a range of challenges and issues which have been highlighted by the research and consultation carried out to develop this strategy. Tackling these challenges, which are summarised into five key areas in this chapter, will be a major part of this strategy: Use of the social enterprise business model. Business opportunities. Finance and investment. Business support for social enterprise. Raising the profile and demonstrating value. Sources of Finance The key factor in an enterprises development is access to appropriate sources of finance. Social enterprises are more likely than SMEs to have been rejected for finance, although the majority of those rejected by one lender appear subsequently to be successful with another. In addition, a large minority of social enterprises perceive access to external finance as a major barrier to expansion, including some of those that have successfully accessed finance in the past. While there is no one, clear reason to account for the higher rejection rates among social enterprises than SMEs, this report explores possible contributory factors, which